Subject line

113 signals in this category. Every entry links to a full explanation, severity tier, and false-positive notes.

What most signals in this category mean

Warning signal — bulk / marketing / mild spam. Contributes to the trash score but is not by itself sufficient.

"Action required" / "Complete your profile"warning
action-required-subject
"Alert:" prefix subjectwarning
alert-prefix-subject
Subject is all-capswarning
all-caps-subject
"Archived" subjectwarning
archived-subject
"Awaiting your response" subjectwarning
awaiting-response-subject
"Beta" in subjectwarning
beta-in-subject
Birthday / anniversary marketingwarning
birthday-anniversary-subject
"Claim your" subject (marketing/scam)warning
claim-your-subject
"Clearance sale" subjectwarning
clearance-sale-subject
"Completed/Finished" subjectwarning
completed-done-subject
"Confirm your email/account" subjectwarning
confirm-your-subject
"Congratulations" subject (likely marketing/scam)warning
congratulations-subject
Coupon / discount code (promotional)warning
coupon-code-subject
Fake security alert from unknown senderthreat
credential-stuffing-lure-subject
Kickstarter / crowdfundingwarning
crowdfunding-subject
"Weekly picks" / editor's picks subjectwarning
curation-picks-subject
"Digest" / "Roundup" in subjectwarning
digest-in-subject
"Don't forget" reminder nudgewarning
dont-forget-nudge-subject
Multiple emojis in subject (marketing)warning
emoji-heavy-subject
No subject linewarning
empty-subject
"Failed" / "Error:" notification subjectwarning
error-failure-subject
Excessive punctuation in subject (!!!)warning
excessive-punctuation
"Exclusive preview" / "Sneak peek" subjectwarning
exclusive-preview-subject
"You've been selected" / exclusivity baitwarning
exclusivity-bait-subject
"Expiring soon" / renewal urgencywarning
expiring-soon-subject
"Your X has expired" notificationwarning
expiry-notification-subject
"[External]" tag — outside sender (corporate gateway)warning
external-tag-subject
Fake mutual connection referral subjectwarning
fake-mutual-connection-subject
"Feedback requested" / "Your feedback" subjectwarning
feedback-requested-subject
"Flash sale" / time-limited offer subjectwarning
flash-sale-subject
GDPR urgency phishing lure in subjectwarning
gdpr-urgency-subject
Mixed Cyrillic/Latin characters (phishing indicator)threat
homoglyph-subject
Numeric listicle ("5 ways to...", "10 tips")warning
listicle-subject
Unusually long subject (120+ chars)warning
long-subject
Marketing metrics in subject (open rate, analytics)warning
marketing-metrics-subject
"Matched" subjectwarning
matched-subject
"Merged" / pull request subjectwarning
merged-code-review-subject
"Milestone" in subjectwarning
milestone-in-subject
Multi-section subject (Brand | Section | Detail)warning
multi-section-subject
Multilingual Authority Scamthreat
multilingual-authority-impersonation-subject
"New comment" notification subjectwarning
new-comment-subject
"New feature" in subjectwarning
new-feature-subject
"New from X" / brand updatewarning
new-from-brand-subject
"New message from X" notificationwarning
new-message-from-subject
"New release" subjectwarning
new-release-subject
"News roundup" / "Daily briefing" subjectwarning
news-briefing-subject
"Offer inside" / teaser subjectwarning
offer-inside-teaser-subject
"Opt in" / "Subscribe to" subjectwarning
opt-in-subscribe-subject
"Just for you" / personalization baitwarning
personalization-bait-subject
Personalized greeting ("Hey John,") — merge tag marketingwarning
personalized-greeting-subject
"Pinned" subjectwarning
pinned-subject
Product announcement ("Introducing X", "What's new")warning
product-announcement-subject
"X% complete" progress notificationwarning
progress-percent-subject
"Published" subjectwarning
published-subject
"Quarterly" in subjectwarning
quarterly-in-subject
Question hook opener ("Are you struggling with...")warning
question-hook-subject
"Recap" in subjectwarning
recap-in-subject
"We want you back" / re-engagement subjectwarning
reengagement-subject
"Reminder:" prefix — automated reminderwarning
reminder-prefix-subject
Reward / cashback amount in subjectwarning
reward-cashback-subject
Weekly/monthly roundup or digestwarning
roundup-digest-subject
"Save X%" percentage discountwarning
save-percent-subject
"Limited time" / "While supplies last" scarcitywarning
scarcity-subject
Extremely short subject (spam probe pattern)warning
single-char-subject
"Snoozed" / follow-up reminder subjectwarning
snooze-followup-subject
Social network notificationwarning
social-notification-subject
"Spotlight" / "Featured" subjectwarning
spotlight-featured-subject
Long base64-like blob in subject — classifier-evasion / tracking token fingerprintthreat
subject-base64-blob
Fake urgency tag prefix in subject ([URGENT])warning
subject-bracket-urgency-tag
Bidi override in subject line — visual preview spoofingthreat
subject-contains-bidi-override
Subject contains a literal email address — fake-conversation shape, not a real replywarning
subject-contains-email-address
Phone number in subject — tech-support scam / call-funnel patternwarning
subject-contains-phone-number
Subject is entirely emoji with no text content — pure visual attention-grab spam shapewarning
subject-emoji-only
Subject studded with 3+ emoji — marketing / promo spam fingerprintwarning
subject-excessive-emoji
Excessive punctuation in subjectthreat
subject-excessive-punctuation
Zero-width char hidden inside subject keywordthreat
subject-invisible-char-obfuscation
Subject contains Unicode lookalike character (homograph attack)threat
subject-lookalike-char-substitution
Subject word mixes Latin + Cyrillic/Greek — homograph attack to defeat keyword filtersthreat
subject-mixed-script-word
Subject contains 2+ dollar amounts — advance-fee lure+extraction shapewarning
subject-multiple-monetary-amounts
Unicode Evasion Charactersthreat
subject-normalisation-homoglyph-cluster
Prize-lure with reference numberthreat
subject-prize-with-reference-number
Romance scam subject lurethreat
subject-romance-lure
Task-job scam subjectthreat
subject-task-job-scam
Subject clusters 2+ ® or ™ symbols — fake-official spam patternwarning
subject-trademark-swarm
Subject contains Unicode tag characters (U+E00xx) — ASCII smuggling / prompt injectionthreat
subject-unicode-tag-chars
Subject starts with bracketed urgency word — `[URGENT]` / `[ALERT]` / `[ACTION REQUIRED]` marketing fingerprintwarning
subject-urgency-bracket
URL shortener host in subject line — protocol-free phishing baitthreat
subject-url-shortener
Subscription confirmation / double opt-inwarning
subscription-confirm-subject
Automated summary / recap ("Your March summary")warning
summary-recap-subject
"Survey" in subjectwarning
survey-in-subject
"Sync complete/failed" subjectwarning
sync-integration-subject
"Task completed" / "Done!" subjectwarning
task-completed-subject
"Tips & tricks" / how-to subjectwarning
tips-howto-subject
"Trending" / "Most popular" subjectwarning
trending-popular-subject
Unsubscribe prompt / re-engagement (marketing)warning
unsub-prompt-subject
"Upcoming event/meeting/payment" subjectwarning
upcoming-event-subject
"Update:" / "Notice:" prefixwarning
update-notice-prefix-subject
"Upgrade available" subjectwarning
upgrade-available-subject
Urgency deadline in subject ("expires tonight", "last chance")warning
urgency-deadline-subject
Raw URL in subject line (phishing indicator)threat
url-in-subject
"Important update" / vague urgencywarning
vague-urgency-subject
"Verified ✓" badge in subjectwarning
verified-badge-subject
"Verified purchase" (protected)warning
verified-purchase-subject
Voice clone / deepfake audio lure subjectthreat
voice-clone-lure-subject
"X is waiting for you" engagement baitwarning
waiting-for-you-subject
"Waitlisted" subjectwarning
waitlisted-subject
"Warranty expired" subjectwarning
warranty-expired-subject
"Warranty" in subjectwarning
warranty-in-subject
Webinar / event invitation (marketing)warning
webinar-invitation-subject
"Welcome back" re-engagementwarning
welcome-back-subject
"Your weekly/monthly X" periodic updatewarning
your-periodic-subject
"Your X is ready" SaaS notificationwarning
your-x-is-ready-subject
"You've earned" subjectwarning
youve-earned-subject

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